Raymond Williams Country And The City Pdf File' title='Raymond Williams Country And The City Pdf File' />Long Beach Thumbnail History. Long Beach, in Pacific County, one of Washingtons oldest seaside resorts, has drawn visitors, first from Oregon and later from all over the Northwest, to its 2. Hemmed in by hills and water, early visitors had to travel there via sternwheelers and stage coach, and later rail, until the 1. Washingtons interior. Long Beach began as a resort community for wealthy Portlanders. Once Oregons coastal resort towns began to develop, more visitors from Washington residents began to flock to its beaches. ALABAMA Revocations Raymond B. Cahoon Tuscumbia Randall M. Hancock Birmingham Henry E. Walker Helena Interim Suspension Henry E. Walker, Jr. Helena. After declines suffered in the 1. Long Beach has shifted its focus to the spectacular local environment and the communitys unique history to attract visitors. Lisa Raymond born August 10, 1973 is an American retired professional tennis player who has achieved notable success in doubles tennis. Raymond has 11 Grand Slam. A Peninsula and its First People. Pacific Countys Long Beach Peninsula extends like a finger between Willapa Bay and the Pacific Ocean, just north of the Columbia River, in the southwest corner of the state. Sediment brought to the ocean by the Columbia River formed the peninsula, which is also known as a bay mouth bar. It was most likely formed at the end of the last ice age, about 1. Over time plants took root, bogs formed in the lower areas, and forest grew on drier ground. Chinook Indians lived along the Columbia River and around Willapa Bay. They used the ocean side of the peninsula as a highway to travel between villages on the river and villages on the bay side of the peninsula. The hard sands on the beach provided a smooth, unimpeded path for the entire 2. The Chinook had been trade intermediaries between tribes from the north and tribes farther inland on the Columbia. When European and American traders began visiting the North Pacific Coasts rivers in search of otter and beaver pelts in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Chinooks adeptness at trading stymied the traders efforts to bargain prices down to a pittance. Fur traders did not visit the Long Beach Peninsula because it had few of the pelt bearing mammals they sought, but other traders would later come to the Chinook seeking to trade for wild cranberries, a delicious source of scarce vitamin C, beginning in 1. After 1. 85. 2 traders from San Francisco came annually to trade for the berries in the fall. This sort of trade fit into the Chinooks annual cycle of gathering and hunting. They already gathered berries to dry and store them for the winter. The Chinook moved around the Lower Columbia River and Willapa Bay with the seasons. Though they had permanent villages, they also went to temporary camps and villages according to when the different resources, such as salmon, camas bulbs, clams, oysters, or berries were available. School Aproved Games there. None of their settlements were located on the ocean side of the peninsula. This may have been because of its exposure to the rough weather coming off the open ocean. Willapa Bay and the Columbia River offered a plethora of natural resources in more sheltered environments. William Clark 1. Corps of Discovery, traversed the peninsula in 1. Long Beach is today. In his journal he recorded carving his name and the date in a tree. Years later that tree was removed and today it is estimated that the tree was located between todays Chautauqua Lodge and The Breakers condominiums. Besides the traders coming for pelts and cranberries, very few white Americans came to the Long Beach area until the 1. The Chinook had agreed to cede their lands to the Americans in a treaty made with Superintendent of Indian Affairs Anson Dart 1. Tansy Point across Youngs Bay from todays Astoria in 1. Unfortunately, Congress did not ratify the treaty, which left the Chinook without a treaty and without a reservation. Some members of the tribe moved onto the Quinault Reservation and others onto the Shoalwater Bay Tribes Reservation. Some remained on their lands on the river and the bay. Lacking a treaty, the Chinook have also had to petition the government for recognition. They received it briefly in 2. The issue remains unresolved in 2. Stage Coach and Steamer. In 1. 87. 0 Jonathan Stout 1. Ilwaco and the Oysterville, then the county seat. At that time the beach was nearly a quarter of a mile closer to the future Long Beach townsite than it is today. The north jetty of the Columbia River has caused sand to build up on the peninsula, significantly widening it. The stage followed a schedule determined by the tide. After driving a few miles on planks on the Indian trail that led through the woods just north of Ilwaco, the stage would cross the beachs dry sand and roll smoothly and swiftly along the wet sand until it was even with Oysterville, at which point it would leave the beach and travel overland to the bay. Not long after, in 1. Lewis Loomis 1. 83. Seaview is today and at Nahcotta, south of Oysterville, on Willapa Bay. Nahcotta had become a landing place for steamers on the bay because extensive shallow water restricted boats movements in the bay and the channel on the bays western side approached the shore at its closest point just off Nahcotta. In 1. 87. 5 Loomis joined with Astoria ship captain J. H. D. Gray b. 1. Portland transportation company owner Jacob Kamm ca. Oysterville farmer John R. Goulter 1. 84. 0 1. Ilwaco Navigation Company. They had a steamship, the General Canby, built at South Bend and used it to ferry passengers and freight across the river between Astoria and Ilwaco. Travelers from Portland could take a steamship to Astoria and then travel across the river on the General Canby. In the 1. 88. 0s the T. J. Potter and the Ocean Wave carried hundreds of Portlanders to Ilwaco on direct routes. Portland residents came north to the Long Beach Peninsula because neither railroads nor roads had opened to the Oregon coast. For the same reason, very few Washington residents came to the peninsula. The Willapa Hills blocked most overland routes and the water route via the Chehalis River and Grays Harbor entailed considerable difficulty. Loomis took over the stage route from Stout and also won the contract for carrying mail between Astoria and Olympia. Loomis loaded the mail onto the General Canby at Astoria, carried it on the stage between Ilwaco and Nahcotta, there it was loaded on another Ilwaco Navigation steamer to cross Willapa Bay. A second stage carried the mail overland to the Chehalis River where boats carried it up the Chehalis and then the Black River. A short portage took it to Olympia. Seaside Tourists. Enough tourists from Portland sought overnight accommodations that hotels began to open on the peninsula. Stout opened Sea View House on property he had claimed under the Homestead Act and other property that he purchased outright. He platted the town of Seaview in 1. At about the same time, in 1. Henry H. 1. 83. 9 1. Nancy 1. 84. 7 1. Tinker moved with their three children to a tract of land just north of Seaview. Tinker platted the land and began to develop it as a tourist destination. At that time, before the north jetty at the mouth of the Columbia was completed in 1. The beach also had a natural formation called the Fishing Rocks that jutted into the water on the south side of town. The Fishing Rocks drew people for fishing and sightseeing. The rocks have since been covered in sand. In 1. 88. 3 the Tinkers built a hotel and some cottages on their land. They called the settlement Tinkertown and other hotels grew up around the Tinkers. In the 1. 88. 0s a Mr. Merritt from Portland began building the Driftwood Inn, entire hotel built entirely of driftwood gathered from the beach. Tom and Mary Lyniff bought the Driftwood Inn and finished building it. Others built cottages for their own use or to rent to tourists. By 1. 88. 5, visitors, mostly from Portland, numbered about 5,0. Enter the Railroad. In the late 1. 88. Washington and Oregon. The Northern Pacific Railway completed a line to Grays Harbor in 1. South Bend in 1. 89. Likewise, in Oregon, the Astoria South Coast Railroad was planned for the coast southward from Astoria.